Title: Installing MongoDB

In this chapter, we will cover the steps to download and install MongoDB on various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. We will also cover basic configuration and setup to get MongoDB running on your system. By the end of this chapter, students will have a functional MongoDB installation on their development machine and be ready to start using MongoDB for their projects.

1. Downloading MongoDB

Notes:

MongoDB can be downloaded from the official MongoDB website: https://www.mongodb.com/try/download.
Choose the appropriate version based on your operating system and requirements (Community Server vs. Enterprise Server).
The MongoDB Community Server is free and open-source, suitable for most development purposes.
MongoDB Enterprise Server offers additional features like auditing, advanced security, and commercial support.

Example:

Visit the MongoDB download page and select your operating system (Windows, macOS, Linux).
Choose the MongoDB Community Server and download the latest version.

2. Installing MongoDB on Windows

Notes:

MongoDB provides an MSI installer for Windows, which simplifies the installation process.
The installation involves running the MSI file and following the setup wizard.
MongoDB's default data directory is C:\data\db. Ensure this path exists or change it during installation.

Step-by-Step Instructions:

Download the MongoDB MSI Installer:
- Download the latest MongoDB installer for Windows from the MongoDB download page.
Run the Installer:
- Double-click the MSI file to launch the MongoDB installer.
- Follow the setup wizard instructions. Choose "Complete" for a full installation or "Custom" to select specific components.
Configure MongoDB:
- Choose to install MongoDB as a Windows service, which allows MongoDB to run in the background.
- Configure the data directory and log directory if different from the default.
Complete the Installation:
- Click "Install" to start the installation process.
- Once the installation is complete, open Command Prompt and run mongo --version to verify the installation.

Example Command:

mongo --version

3. Installing MongoDB on macOS

Notes:

MongoDB can be installed on macOS using Homebrew, a popular package manager for macOS.
Homebrew simplifies the installation process and handles dependencies automatically.

Step-by-Step Instructions:

Install Homebrew:

If Homebrew is not already installed, open Terminal and run:

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Install MongoDB:

Update Homebrew:

brew update

Install MongoDB Community Server:

brew tap mongodb/brew
brew install mongodb-community@6.0

Start MongoDB:
- Start the MongoDB service:
```
brew services start mongodb/brew/mongodb-community
```
- Verify the installation by checking the MongoDB version:
```
mongo --version
```

Example Command:

brew services start mongodb/brew/mongodb-community

4. Installing MongoDB on Linux

Notes:

MongoDB supports various Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and Red Hat.
Installation involves importing the MongoDB public key, creating a list file, and then installing via the package manager.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Ubuntu:

Import the MongoDB Public Key:

wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Create a List File for MongoDB:

Add the MongoDB repository details to a file in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory:

echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list

Install MongoDB Packages:
- Update the package list and install MongoDB:
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org
```
Start MongoDB:
- Start the MongoDB service:
```
sudo systemctl start mongod
```
- Verify that MongoDB has started without errors:
```
sudo systemctl status mongod
```

Example Command:

sudo systemctl start mongod

5. Basic MongoDB Configuration and Setup

Notes:

After installation, MongoDB needs basic configuration, including setting the data and log directories, enabling authentication, and configuring network settings.
Configuration is handled via the mongod.conf file, typically located in /etc/mongod.conf on Linux, or specified during installation on Windows and macOS.

Key Configuration Settings:

Data Directory: The location where MongoDB stores its data files.
Log Directory: The location where MongoDB stores its log files.
Authentication: Configuring user authentication to secure MongoDB instances.
Networking: Binding MongoDB to specific IP addresses to control access.

Examples:

Editing mongod.conf for Basic Security:
- To enable authentication, add the following lines to mongod.conf:
```
security:
  authorization: "enabled"
```
- To restrict MongoDB access to a specific IP address:
```
net:
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1
```

Example Command:

After making changes to mongod.conf, restart MongoDB to apply the changes:
```
sudo systemctl restart mongod
```

Conclusion

By the end of this chapter, you will have successfully installed MongoDB on their development machine, configured basic settings, and verified that MongoDB is running correctly. This foundational setup is critical for subsequent chapters, where students will learn to perform CRUD operations, build applications, and integrate MongoDB with various programming environments. This hands-on experience is essential for understanding MongoDB's operational environment, as expected by leading tech companies.